一般我们在安装或者调用pip库的时候，会告诉你pip版本较低，需要你升级，比如我的本机是如下。
一、 我是直接cd到我pip目录文件下查看版本：
E:\Program Files (x86)\python\Scripts>pip show pip Name: pip Version: 10.0.1 Summary: The PyPA recommended tool for installing Python packages. Home-page: https://pip.pypa.io/ Author: The pip developers Author-email: python-virtualenv@groups.google.com License: MIT Location: e:\program files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages Requires: Required-by: You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 19.0.3 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.特别是Required-by:以及命令窗中黄色的字，
提示我可用的有19.0.3的版本可用，说明我的pip版本太低了，需要升级。
二、在命令窗中我按照要求，进行升级，敲入‘python -m pip install --upgrade pip’，但是提示我安装失败。
E:\Program Files (x86)\python\Scripts>python -m pip install --upgrade pip Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /simple/pip/ Collecting pip Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB) 99% |███████████████████████████████▊| 1.3MB 74kB/s eta 0:00:01Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\basecommand.py", line 228, in main status = self.run(options, args) File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 291, in run resolver.resolve(requirement_set) File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 103, in resolve self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req) File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 257, in _resolve_one abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install) File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 210, in _get_abstract_dist_for self.require_hashes File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 310, in prepare_linked_requirement progress_bar=self.progress_bar File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 837, in unpack_url progress_bar=progress_bar File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 674, in unpack_http_url progress_bar) File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 898, in _download_http_url _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar) File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 618, in _download_url hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks) File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\hashes.py", line 48, in check_against_chunks for chunk in chunks: File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 586, in written_chunks for chunk in chunks: File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\ui.py", line 159, in iter for x in it: File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 575, in resp_read decode_content=False): File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 436, in stream data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content) File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 401, in read raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining) File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\contextlib.py", line 35, in __exit__ self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback) File "E:\Program Files (x86)\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 316, in _error_catcher raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.') ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 19.0.3 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.这个时候我看到，检查升级不能覆盖，这个时候可以去到你的安装目录，找到site-packages文件夹，把原来的pip-10.0.1.dist-info这个消息目录删除，（经过询问，很多同学的安装不成功都是和这个目录有关系）。下图我是删除后重新升级并自动升级的目录。
三、 再次运行python -m pip install --upgrade pip 后升级成功，之前不能安装的包也能安装了！
是不是很开心？！
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